IT workers spend many hours at computer workstations, using the same set of muscles without enough rest. This can lead to strain on the muscles, tendons and ligaments and this condition is called Repetitive Strain Injury or Cumulative Trauma Disorder. We will tell you the usual causes of this disorder and its prevention.
What are the common causes of Musculoskeletal disorders among IT workforce
These disorders are very prevalent in IT workers. Some surveys report a 1 year prevalance at 24-44%. Constant repetitive movements will slowly damage the muscles and ligaments of the neck, shoulder, forearm and the hands. Lower back problems are frequently encountered.
Certain patterns of strain are noted, such as:
- Tendinitis, where the tendons are inflamed and tender. This is seen in the forearm tendons.
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, where a thick band develops in front of the wrist trapping the nerve, causing pain and numbness in part of the hand.
- Epicondylitis or tennis elbow can also occur in keyboard operators. Here the area of bone where the tendon is inserted gets inflamed and can be quite painful.
Symptoms:
Symptoms depend on the area affected but they start slowly and can progress if neglected to the extent that the person can end up having continuous pain. Symptoms can include pain and tenderness along the muscles and tendons, swelling of joints, numbness, etc. This may result in a lot of time off work and some badly affected persons may even have to stop using the keyboard. Persons with arthritis and similar conditions quite often note that their symptoms are aggravated.
How are these conditions treated?
- Severe symptoms will require rest to heal the tissues.
- Workers could work at other jobs while resting their hands. Keyboard operators may not be able to avail this option and may have to take time off.
- With ongoing symptoms, a doctor must be consulted. Most IT companies have clinics with doctors trained in Occupational Medicine. Referrals may be needed to a Neurologist or Rehabilitation specialist.
- The affected hand can be splinted to allow it to rest.
- Massage and physical treatments are very helpful.
- Medicines for arthritis (nsaids) are generally not very effective but will provide some relief.
- Depression and other psychological disorders are commonly seen and need to be treated on their own merits.
- Specific treatments are available such as surgery for Carpal Tunnel syndrome or steroid injections for epicondylitis.
How can these disorders be prevented?
- Prevention starts with good design of workstations, good lighting and other measures to ensure the comfort of the IT worker.
- Employers are obliged by law to provide such amenities and to properly train workers to minimize repetitive strain injuries.
- Wrists should be in the neutral position and the least force should be used in striking the keys.
- Chairs should provide good lumbar support and the feet should be firmly on the ground.
- Monitors should be adjustable and all materials should be easily reached to avoid twisting the neck and the body.
- Soft wrist supports should be available and the forearms should not be raised too much.
- IT workers should be allowed breaks to stretch and exercise . Yoga and regular physical exercise is beneficial.
- Companies should employ people to look into ergonomics which deals with working conditions and how to provide the ideal safe environment for the worker.
- A combined effort by the employer and worker is needed to minimize these musculo-skeletal disorders.
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